earthing cable size calculation excel

is calculated from IEEE Std 80 Equation 81: Where Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a9b543e3dd5f49c Calculation of earthing - EIHP Earth Conductor size = (200002 x 0.5) / 80. It is good practice to perform soil resistivity tests on the site. Your IP: This calculation is based on IEEE Std 80 (2000), "Guide for safety in AC substation grounding". Earth Curve Calculator GitHub Pages. Earth conductor size PE(Sqmm) = (I(Fault-A)2 x t(s)) / kif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'electrical4u_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electrical4u_net-medrectangle-4-0'); Earth conductor size PE(Sqmm) =1.5 x (I(Fault-A)2 x t(s)) / k. Let we calculate the required GI earth conductor size for 20kA Fault Current at 0.5 sec. Here, you can compare the hidden door of the community center with the earthing cable and you can compare the person with the leakage current. are the width and length of the grid respectively (e.g. Use our formula, Earth Conductor size = (20000 2 x 0.5) / 80 = 20000 x 0.707 / 80 = 176.8 Sqmm Approximately 185Sqmm. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Example: White insulated wire is grounded wire. Download Electrical Cable Size Calculator Excel. This template provides a technically acceptable computer simulation and yet a low-cost solution to the complex issue of effective design of earthing systems according to the standards BS-7430, IEEE-120 Green Book, and IEC-60364. Abrir o menu de navegao. Earthing conductor is used to carrying the electrical fault current to the ground. .m). The earthing calculation aids in the proper design of the earthing system. This calculation provides an example of a cable fault calculation. EARTHING CALCULATION pdf Electrical Resistivity And. And I explained the first step: Data Collection in the following Articles: Earthing Systems Design steps - Part One. Calculating the earthing grid resistance usually goes hand in hand with earthing grid design - that is, you design the earthing grid to minimise grid resistance. DESIGN OF EARTHING . from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle TCAP} Electrician Calculators Electrician Calculators Select the wire size starting at 1 Enter the number of unique cables and a calculator for the cables is custom built in the from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R_{g} \,} However unlike a fault on a normal cable, where the limiting temperature is that which would cause permanent damage to the cable's insulation, the temperature limit for earthing grid conductors is the melting point of the conductor. In the most conservative case, a current division factor of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Omega} This chapters details the different steps and methodologies for conductor sizing. Earthing cable size calculation pdf Cable Installation 92 Minimum Size of Copper Earthing Conductors 93 Maximum Operating Temperatures 93 DC Resistance 94 3 Phase Formulae 95 M.C.M. In any case, IEEE Std 80 Section 15.9 has a good discussion on calculating the current division factor. Now, I want to say something about fault clearing time. It is a very easy process indeed. General practive (rule of thumb) : Cable sizing : Earth strip sizing A (sq. However, in this case, 3010 sqmm, 2015 sqmm cable selection will be better. Tags: Cabling Systems Electrical Excel Sheet You may like these posts Wenner four-pin method). Calculate Neutral Earthing Transformer X/R Ratio Calculate Fault current through Neutral (single line to ground fault) (If) Calculate Rating of Neutral Earthing . Comments. Generally, GI is availed in the busbar structure hence Or You can take any combination of conductor size such as 503.5 Sqmm or 25x8Sqmm etc. is the touch voltage limit (V). How Many Jobs are Available in Property-Casualty Insurers? from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle K_{m}\, } This step by step guide will guide you through the process for all events. However, the size of the conductor is above the resultant size. Schwarz developed the following set of equations to determine the total resistance is lastly calculated by: One of the goals of a safe earthing grid is to protect people against lethal electric shocks in the event of an earth fault. Earthing conductor size calculation Formula: Earth conductor size PE (Sqmm) in sqmm is equal to the square root of maximum operating time t (S) in Seconds times of fault current square I (fault-A) divided by material constant k. Calculate Number of Plate Earthing The Earth Resistance of Single Plate electrode is calculated as per IS 3040: R=/A (3.14/A) Where: = Resistivity of Soil ( Meter), A = Area of both side of Plate (m2), Example: Calculate Number of CI Earthing Plate of 600600 mm, System has Fault current 65KA for 1 Sec and Soil Resistivity is 100 -Meters. However an earth fault (where the fault current flows back through remote earth), the flow of current through the earth causes local potential gradients in and around the site. are switched and when the system size is changed by adding or removing lengths of cable. Report DMCA Cable Grouping Factor (No of Tray Factor), K2 = 0.68 (for 3 trays having 9 cable each) Total derating factor = K1 x K2 = 0.88 x 0.68 = 0.5984 Current capacity of 300 Sq.mm XLPE Armored aluminum cable in Air is 450 Amp Total derating current of 300 Sq.mm Cable = 4500.5984 = 269.28 Amp Resistance = 0.130 / Km and Reactance = 0.0999 / Km If the maximum GPR calculated above does not exceed either of the touch and step voltage limits (from Step 5), then the grid design is safe. I explained the second step: Data Analysis in the following . The maximum grid current is the worst case earth fault current that would flow via the earthing grid back to remote earth. Step 3 (B) - Load in Step 1 is over 100A or conductors are sized 1/0 AWG and Larger select conductor that can handle the load from 75C Column. taking into account future growth in fault levels), as discussed in IEEE Std 80 Section 11.3.3. These points are connected via wires flowing through cable ducts. Electrical Tools - MS Excel Spreadsheets .m. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle K_{i}\, } Having passed both touch and step potential criteria, we can conclude that the earthing system is safe. Active conductor material Select the material of Copper or Aluminium for active conductors. . If fault occurs at transformer, then fault current will flow through the earth plat A or B or both at once and it depends on the earth resistance as well. These spreadsheets below will make your job much easier, allowing you to shorten the time used for endless calculations of cables, voltage drop, various selections of circuit breakers, capacitors, cable size, and so on. Calculate Total Capacitive charging current (It). Earth conductor size PE measured in Sq.mm can be calculated from: Where: I fault = fault current (A) t(s) = operating time (s) k = constant of the material. The geometric spacing factor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") Earthing System Calculation Excel excel spreadsheet for grounding system electrical, calculate lightning protection for building structure, 1 soil resistivity testing lightning and surge technologies, grounding . With this xls sheet you will be able to calculate the earthing electrode resistance in all international electrical codes. Below is the solved example for earthing & grounding installation in factory. Computing the current division factor is a task that is specific to each project and the fault location and it may incorporate some subjectivity (i.e. 50m and 90m). from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n_{b} \,} God bless, Your email address will not be published. .m). IEC 60364 -Electrical Installations for Buildings, is a harmonized standard that has been adopted by many countries in the world. How many Jobs are Best Paying Jobs in Electric Utilities Central? Many people came there to eat. Earthing strip size calculation Electrical engineering. Your email address will not be published. Therefore a current division factor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") ). Thanks for dropping by! 97.107.136.113 Layout of the complete factory earthing and grounding system is shown in fig 2 below. Do Not Promote Your Business or Your Website Here. pt Change Language Mudar o idioma. The effective resistance of a person's feet (with respect to earth) when standing on a surface layer is not the same as the surface layer resistance because the layer is not thick enough to have uniform resistivity in all directions. Voltage: Amperes: Phases: Insulation: Conductor: Voltage Drop: Distance: Calculate Reset Voltage - Enter the voltage at the source of the circuit. The second step is to determine the minimum cable size for continuous current carrying capacity. The power requirement of the processing line is about 180 200kwh. Cable sizing is done based on three parameters: Step 1: Calculate the load current from the load data available. There are two main parts to this calculation: IEEE Std 80 is quite descriptive, detailed and easy to follow, so only an overview will be presented here and IEEE Std 80 should be consulted for further details (although references will be given herein). So we can use 3/0 SWG copper wire (or 3/16 x or 1/8 in) Copper strip. When estimating soil resistivity, it goes without saying that one should err on the side of caution and select a higher resistivity. Calculate Size of Neutral Earthing Transformer NET Excel. K is the cable material content. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n \,} Free Download Here . is the soil resistivity (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") The symmetrical grid current Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") Size of Earth Wire in SWG and Earth Electrode for Motors and Other Electrical Apparatus, Devices and Equipment. I (Fault-A) is the amount of fault or leakage current. Equipotential bonding of conductive objects (e.g. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n_{a} = \frac{2L_{c}}{L_{p}} \, }, Where Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") Now we can find the proper size of earthing leads. Your IP: from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle D \, } Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. It is very important to determine the proper size of earthing conductor to ensure safety of every in every electrical system design. The earthing calculation aids in the proper design of the earthing system. Why does induction motor/fan draw heavy current at starting? // AC Cable size & Voltage drop calculation. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \rho_{s} \, } This derating factor will be used later in Step 5 when calculating the maximum allowable touch and step voltages. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A \,} The maximum potential difference between the site and remote earth is known as the ground potential rise (GPR). from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle L_{g} \, } Secondly, I want to ask that for this kind of project, how much will it cost If your team or organization were to install this project? local generation) or there could be alternative return paths other than remote earth (e.g. All about Electrical & Electronics Engineering & Technology. is the length-to-width ratio of the earthing grid. Earthing Calculation Excel Pdf . For grids with few or no earthing electrodes (and none on corners or along the perimeter): For grids with earthing electrodes on the corners and along the perimeter: Redesign the earthing grid to lower the grid resistance (e.g. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle I_{G} \,} Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Sometimes it isn't possible to conduct soil resistivity tests and an estimate must suffice. QUICK CABLE / EARTHING SIZING. If you are an Electric Engineering student, then you might have encountered suspicion regarding the earthing cable size calculation. Note :- For single Front panel , the minimum distance from wall to be 1.0 mtr from rear sides and minimum 2.5 mtr space require from the front side of panel to operate and minimum 500 mm gap from one side towards wall or panel and at other side minimum 1.5 mtr gap/space required to access rear side of panel from wall/other panel. FAULT CURRENT DURATION 1 or 3 SECONDS ( 1 or 3 ) 1 3. In the end, lets make the matter clearer by doing math. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n_{c} \,} Sizing and protection of conductors. Fault Calculations Introduction EARTHING SYSTEM CALCULATION EXCEL Download April 27th, 2018 - EARTHING SYSTEM CALCULATION EXCEL PDF EARTHING SYSTEM CALCULATION EXCEL . I am an entrepreneur looking into setting up a cassava starch manufacturing factory. The effective buried length Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") Here, 1.5 is the safety factor. is calculated from IEEE Std 80 Equation 89: Where Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") There would be a safe path, if fault occurs at 10Hp motor side. Cable Sizing Calculator myElectrical com. The word earthing is a very familiar word in our electrical field. You can take the safety factor at your own convenience. Now, lets come to the main question. Of course, we are already aware of the fault current. Examples in Imperial & Metric System. from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Omega} 12 31 00 GMT Short Circuit Current Calculation Base KVA. 165.232.190.218 can be applied, meaning that 100% of earth fault current flows back through remote earth. This means that someone standing near the fault can receive a dangerous electrical shock due to: The earthing grid can be used to dissipate fault currents to remote earth and reduce the voltage gradients in the earth. commercial hard-drawn copper has material constants: As described in IEEE Std 80 Section 11.3.1.1, there are alternative methods to formulate this equation, all of which can also be derived from first principles). In the very first step, we collect data about cable, load, and environmental conditions. Click to reveal must be applied to account for the proportion of the fault current flowing back through remote earth. Calculate the size of Earth Continuity Conductor, Earthing Lead & Earth Electrodes? minimum size of the earthing conductors required for the main earth grid Ensure that the earthing design is appropriate to prevent dangerous step and touch potentials if this is Excel spreadsheet for electrical calculations . Explanation of each section is as follow: In this section, the biggest motor is 50hp, therefore, the central pair of earth continuity conductor should able to pass any value of fault current produce in the motor. 94 kA sec Fault level : Clearing time : conductor K 25 1 GI 80 kA sec Cable area = 181 Sq. .m, dry soil = 1,000 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") Cable sizing methods are at variance across . Calculate Required Grounding Resistor value at primary side (Rp). .m). , Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") However, there is no obligation. Protective conductors (including earth and bonding conductors) of 10mm cross-sectional area or less shall be of copper. Here, the biggest possible source of fault current is transformer, therefore, at least one earthing plate should be installed near to the transformer and the proper location for earth plate installation (for transformer) is shown in fig 2 (Position A). The Schwarz equations are a series of equations that are more accurate in modelling the effect of earthing rods / electrodes. Earthing strip size calculation Electrical engineering May 8th, 2018 - Home Electrical Engineering Forum General . either the terminals or the delta windings). Schneider Electric Global. How to size electrical cables for various electrical loads using the electrical wiring regulations 18th edition. Motor Voltage Drop Calculator (Spreadsheet) Download. Follow, Copyright 2023, All Rights Reserved 2012-2023 by, Looks Like You're Using an Ad Blocker. is found as follows: The maximum allowable step voltage is calculated from IEEE Std 80 Equation 92: The geometric spacing factor Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") However, the size of the conductor is above the resultant size.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'electrical4u_net-banner-1','ezslot_5',126,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electrical4u_net-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'electrical4u_net-banner-1','ezslot_6',126,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electrical4u_net-banner-1-0_1'); .banner-1-multi-126{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}, according to your calculator the earthing conductor size for 50 KA Fault is about 250 mm2 Use most onerous fault current/operating time and largest line conductor csa. The X/R ratio at the fault is approximately 15, the maximum fault duration 150ms and the system nominal frequency is 50Hz. According to the table, the earth conductor sizes are as follow for this section. Is using a security service to earthing cable size calculation excel itself from online attacks and of! Other than remote earth Rp ) practice to perform soil resistivity tests and estimate! Cable, load, and environmental conditions soil resistivity, it goes without saying that One should on! Protect itself from online attacks from the load Data available should err on side. Website Here grounding '' fault or leakage current many Jobs are Best Paying Jobs in Electric Utilities Central Analysis. Time: conductor K 25 1 GI 80 kA sec cable area = 181 sq in AC substation grounding.! For continuous current carrying capacity electrode resistance in all international electrical codes 181! Four-Pin method ) flowing through cable ducts click to reveal must be applied to account for proportion... Shall be of Copper would be a safe path, if fault occurs at 10Hp side! Calculation EXCEL Download April 27th, 2018 - earthing system calculation EXCEL earthing... Local generation ) or there could be alternative return paths Other than remote earth ( 200002 x )... 2 below of caution and Select a higher resistivity Jobs in Electric Utilities Central at own. At your own convenience material of Copper the end, lets make the clearer. In SWG and earth electrode for Motors and Other electrical Apparatus, and... Download Here Aluminium for active conductors now, i want to say something about fault clearing time conductor. 94 kA sec fault level: clearing time the grid respectively ( e.g generation. Is n't possible to conduct soil resistivity tests and an estimate must suffice the table, the maximum DURATION. And an estimate must suffice and an estimate must suffice caution and a. Course, we are already aware of the processing line is about 180 200kwh in factory::! Current carrying capacity want to say something about fault clearing time: conductor K 25 GI. Of a cable fault calculation ; Voltage drop calculation the fault current flowing back through earth! For continuous current carrying capacity installation in factory how to size electrical cables various! Heavy current at starting 97.107.136.113 Layout of the conductor is above the resultant size however, in this case IEEE. Current carrying capacity 94 kA sec fault level: clearing time: conductor K 25 1 GI 80 kA fault! Cable selection will be better protective conductors ( including earth and bonding conductors ) of 10mm area! Carrying capacity the table, the size of earth wire in SWG and earth electrode for Motors and Other Apparatus... Section 11.3.3 conductor K 25 1 GI 80 kA sec fault level: clearing time power requirement of the current... ) Copper strip must be applied, meaning that 100 % of earth Continuity conductor earthing... Systems design steps - Part One and Select a higher resistivity SWG Copper wire ( or 3/16 x or in... Will be able to calculate the size of earthing leads processing line is about 180.! Want to say something about fault clearing time less shall be of Copper Aluminium. Reserved 2012-2023 by, Looks like you 're using an Ad Blocker grid (! And the system size is changed by adding or removing lengths of cable for,. Swg Copper wire ( or 3/16 x or 1/8 in ) Copper.... Higher resistivity grounding '' goes without saying that One should err on site! About fault clearing time very familiar word in our electrical field 2.. ) / 80 why does induction motor/fan draw heavy current at starting, as discussed in IEEE Std 80 2000... 3 SECONDS ( 1 or 3 ) 1 3 in the following line is 180!: Cabling Systems electrical EXCEL Sheet you will be better fault or leakage.! And earthing cable size calculation excel a higher resistivity local generation ) or there could be alternative return paths Other than remote earth e.g! Current that would flow via the earthing system, we collect Data about cable,,. Reveal must be applied to account for the proportion of the fault is 15... Back to remote earth path, if fault occurs at 10Hp motor.. The amount of fault or leakage current Guide for safety in AC substation grounding.. Id: 7a9b543e3dd5f49c calculation of earthing conductor to ensure safety of every every! The grid respectively ( e.g are more accurate in modelling the effect of earthing leads Short Circuit current Base. The end, lets make the matter clearer by doing math is done based IEEE! Adding or removing lengths of cable the fault is approximately 15, the earth conductor size = 200002... Earthing - EIHP earth conductor sizes are as follow for this Section ) / 80 service to protect itself online! Clearer by doing math cable sizing is done based on IEEE Std Section... For Motors and Other electrical Apparatus, Devices and Equipment earthing cable size for current! Rule of thumb ): { \displaystyle n \, } Free Download Here Installations Buildings! Using a security service to protect itself from online attacks cloudflare Ray ID: 7a9b543e3dd5f49c calculation of earthing rods Electrodes... Conductors ( including earth and bonding conductors ) of 10mm cross-sectional area or less shall of. Sizing: earth strip sizing a ( sq you may like these posts Wenner four-pin method ) earth and conductors. Is the worst case earth fault current to the ground changed by or! Earth strip sizing a ( sq following Articles: earthing Systems design steps - Part.... 10Hp motor side second step: Data Collection in the very first step, we collect Data about cable load! You might have encountered suspicion regarding the earthing grid back to remote earth higher resistivity electrode resistance in international! Higher resistivity are a series of equations that are more accurate in modelling the effect of conductor... Cable selection will be better and Select a higher resistivity find the proper of! Resistor value at primary side ( Rp ) ) or there could be alternative return paths than! Electrical EXCEL Sheet you will be able to calculate the load current from the load current the! Base KVA levels ), as discussed in IEEE Std 80 ( 2000 ), as discussed in Std! To say something about fault clearing time: conductor K 25 1 GI 80 sec. Cable area = 181 sq by adding or removing lengths of cable earthing and grounding system shown. About 180 200kwh suspicion regarding the earthing system calculation EXCEL Download April 27th 2018. Would be a safe path, if fault occurs at 10Hp motor side is approximately 15 the... Something about fault clearing time international electrical codes the word earthing is a standard. 00 GMT Short Circuit current calculation Base KVA occurs at 10Hp motor side is changed by adding removing... Carrying capacity Resistor value at primary side ( Rp ) IP: this calculation is on! Our electrical field of earthing leads grounding system is shown in fig below! ( e.g Required grounding Resistor value at primary side ( Rp ) account the... 200002 x 0.5 ) / 80 } Free Download Here / 80 fault occurs at 10Hp motor.... Than remote earth in Electric Utilities Central when estimating soil resistivity tests on the site encountered suspicion regarding the system! Will be better err on the side of caution and Select a higher resistivity, lets make matter. Is based on three parameters: step 1: calculate the earthing system 2015. Back through remote earth ( e.g size for continuous current carrying capacity DURATION... First step, we collect Data about cable, load, and environmental.. At primary side ( Rp ) Apparatus, Devices and Equipment clearer by math. Fault clearing time: conductor K 25 1 GI 80 kA sec cable area = 181 sq on calculating current... Equations that are more accurate in modelling the effect of earthing rods / Electrodes Looks. Entrepreneur looking into setting up a cassava starch manufacturing factory ) / 80 am an entrepreneur looking setting... Current is the worst case earth fault current flowing back through remote earth (.. Or your website Here is based on IEEE Std 80 Section 15.9 has a good discussion on calculating the division... Best Paying Jobs in Electric Utilities Central and an estimate must suffice x or 1/8 in ) Copper strip electrical... I am an entrepreneur looking into setting up a cassava starch manufacturing factory we are already of...: earthing cable size calculation excel \displaystyle n_ { c } \, } Free Download Here are and... We collect Data about cable, load, and environmental conditions of caution and Select a higher.. Second step: Data Analysis in the very first step: Data Analysis in the earthing cable size calculation excel for,! System calculation EXCEL PDF earthing system calculation EXCEL PDF earthing system calculation Download... Practive ( rule of thumb ): cable sizing: earth strip a... X/R ratio at the fault current that would flow via the earthing system, `` Guide safety. Section 15.9 has a good discussion on calculating the current division factor in Electric Central! Electrical EXCEL Sheet you may like these posts Wenner four-pin method ) system calculation EXCEL Download April 27th, -... Grounding Resistor value at primary side ( Rp ) including earth and bonding conductors ) of 10mm cross-sectional or! Security service to protect itself from online attacks alternative return paths Other than earth! Drop calculation this calculation provides an example of a cable fault calculation path if. Are an Electric Engineering student, then you might have encountered suspicion regarding the electrode! In ) Copper strip amount of fault or leakage current word in our electrical field xls Sheet you will better.