My summer 2008 internship at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory afforded me the opportunity to look in depth at the preparedness process and the research that has been conducted on this issue. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Even though this knowledge exists, many cities have not begun to prepare for nuclear terrorism events. Three ways victims can get a dose of radiation from the fallout: Radiation directly from the fallout as it passes by or from the fallout that has been deposited on the ground, Radiation from fallout contamination on skin, clothing, or possessions, which exposes people until they change their clothing and/or remove the contaminated material, Of these, the most likely to cause injury in the first few days is direct exposure to fallout, which can be protected against using the three basic principles of, Exposure to fallout is the most dangerous in the first few hours. 0000045682 00000 n One of the nation's worst fears is that terrorists might detonate an improvised nuclear device (IND) in an American city. The successful detonation by a terrorist group of even a crude and improvised nuclear device in a major city could result in the deaths of thousands and have significant, if not unfathomable, economic and political global consequences. from the advanced suite of three-dimensional (3-D) meteorology and plume/fallout models developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), including extensive global Key Response Planning Factors for the Aftermath of Nuclear Terrorism geographical and real-time meteorological databases to support model calculations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The Federal Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation provides the strategy for response to an improvised nuclear device (IND) detonation. The tools (or documents) on this page complement one another, and are consistent in phrasing and word-choice. 0000094810 00000 n Immediate effects of blasts and explosions, Primary blast injury direct effects result from barotrauma (e.g., overpressurization and underpressurization) commonly affecting air-filled organs and air-fluid interfaces (, Rupture of tympanic membranes: Injury to ear drum: 5 psi, Rupture of hollow viscera: Injury fatal (LD50): 50 psi, Tertiary blast injury effects of structural collapse and of persons being thrown by the blast wind, Quaternary blast injury burns, asphyxia, and exposure to toxic inhalants, Types of injuries caused by blasts depend on whether blasts, Occur outdoor in open air or within buildings, Cause the collapse of a building or other structure, Conventional bombs generate blast waves that spread out from a point source, Damage produced by blast waves decrease exponentially with distance from the point source, Reverberations occur off walls and rigid objects, As outward energy dissipates, a reversal of wind back toward the blast and underpressurization occur, The resulting pressure effect damages organs, particularly at air-fluid interfaces, and the wind propels fragments and people, causing penetrating or blunt injuries, Enhanced-blast explosive devices (e.g., nuclear explosions) have more damaging effects than conventional explosions, Primary blast disseminates the explosive and then triggers it to cause a secondary explosion, High pressure wave then radiates from much larger area, prolonging the duration of the overpressurization phase and increasing the total energy transmitted by the explosion, Cause a greater proportion of primary blast injuries than do conventional devices, Direct absorption of thermal energy through exposed the skin or heating or ignition of clothing (flash burns) (, Indirect action of fires caused in the environment (flame burns), Burn casualties and it is expected there would be many may result from the absorption of thermal radiation energy, Caused by the effect on the retina of the initial brilliant flash of light produced by the explosion, Victims DO NOT have to be looking at the detonation site, as reflected/diffracted light is sufficient in many cases, Victims driving at the time of the event will be unable to see, potentially causing large numbers of traffic accidents, During daylight, flash blindness does not persist for greater than about 2 minutes, but lasts generally seconds, At night, when the pupil is dilated, flash blindness will last longer, Partial recovery may be expected within 3-10 minutes in daylight, longer at night, May be sustained at considerable distances from the explosion, depending on blast size, Location of the scar will determine the degree of interference with vision, Central scarring will cause greater disability, Depending on dose, patients are at risk for, These radioactive products will be dispersed downwind with the fireball/debris cloud (, As the cloud travels downwind, the cooling and falling radioactive material settles on the ground, creating a large swath of deposited material (fallout) (, The highest concentrations (creating the most dangerous radiation levels) fall closest to the detonation site, The fallout creates large areas of contamination, and the ionizing radiation coming off the fallout contamination damages tissue and can penetrate through thin walls and glass. It shows the expected chronologic relationship of problems following the detonation of an IND. Do not touch any cargo from the transport container. Resilience to a Nuclear Catastrophe: Presentations and Slides (UPMC), REMM Bibliography - Nuclear Detonation Incidents, Nuclear Detonation Scarce Resources Project Working Group Publications (HHS), Nuclear Explosions: Additional Sources of Information (HHS), Health Alerts, Advisories, Updates and Guidances, Natural Disasters and Weather Emergencies, Nondiscrimination Notice (Translations Available). 0000069378 00000 n It could cause severe economic disruption and panic in an urban area, without causing large numbers of fatalities. Only people who are very close to the blast site would be exposed to enough radiation to cause immediate serious illness. What are the main dangers of an Improvised Nuclear Device? 0000099839 00000 n 0000534777 00000 n The geographic location of the dose or exposure rate/hour lines from groundshine, Potential medical issues from fallout: brief overview. Visit the SAMHSA YouTube channel, Visit SAMHSA on LinkedIn 55 97 0000036441 00000 n Following the events of September 11th, a litany of imaginable horribles was trotted out before an anxious and concerned public. It has been suggested that this article be, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Student Guide Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) Modeling and Response Planning: National Capital Region", "Improvised Nuclear Device Response and Recovery", http://faculty.uml.edu/bleblanc/44.212/pdf/Microsoft_PowerPoint_-_DirtyBombs.pdf, "Mini-nukes and mosquito-like robot weapons being primed for future warfare", "Scenario 1: Nuclear Detonation - 10-Kiloton Improvised Nuclear Device", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Improvised_nuclear_device&oldid=1119253777, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 14:07. Following the events of September 11, a litany of imaginable horribles was trotted out before an anxious and concerned public. Coleman CN, Sullivan JM, Bader JL, Murrain-Hill P, Koerner JF, Garrett AL, Weinstock DM, Case C Jr, Hrdina C, Adams SA, Whitcomb RC, Graeden E, Shankman R, Lant T, Maidment BW, Hatchett RC. TheOffice for Bombing Preventionoffers a focused portfolio of specialized programs aimed at national and intergovernmental bombing prevention efforts; requirements, capabilities, and gap analysis; and IED awareness and information sharing. 1-877-SAMHSA-7 (1-877-726-4727), Improvised nuclear device response and recovery: Communicating in the immediate aftermath. 0000003004 00000 n Improvised Nuclear Devices (INDs) 4, 8 An illicit nuclear weapon bought, stolen, or otherwise originating from a nuclear state, or a weapon fabricated by a terrorist group from illegally obtained fissile nuclear weapons material that produces a nuclear explosion This assumption, while perhaps true in the case of multiple, thermonuclear weapons exchanges, does not hold for the current threat. An improvised explosive device (IED) attack is the use of a "homemade" bomb and/or destructive device to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Injury or death (as a result of the blast), Radiation Sickness (also called acute radiation syndrome or ARS). Making an Improvised Nuclear Device. A device incorporating radioactive materials designed to result in the dispersal of radioactive material or in the formation of a nuclear-yield reaction. A Review of the Research on Response to Improvised Nuclear Device Events, Improvised Nuclear Device Response Training Materials, Report on Department of Homeland Security Sponsored Research Project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on Preparation for an Improvised Nuclear Device Event, Key Response Planning Factors for the Aftermath of Nuclear Terrorism, NUCLEAR INCIDENT CAPABILITIES, KNOWLEDGE & ENABLER LEVERAGING, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. An illicit nuclear weapon bought, stolen, or otherwise originating from a nuclear state, or a weapon fabricated by a terrorist group from illegally obtained fissile nuclear weapons material that produces a nuclear explosion, Built from the components of a stolen weapon or from scratch using nuclear material (plutonium or highly enriched uranium), Produces same physical and medical effects as nuclear weapon explosion, Results in catastrophic loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and contamination of a very large area, If nuclear yield is NOT achieved, the result would likely resemble a Radiological Dispersal Device in which fissile weapons material was dispensed locally, If nuclear yield is achieved, results would resemble a nuclear explosion described on this page, Like nuclear explosions, IND explosions can be evaluated with a fallout map (See. Authors: Buddemeier, B. R. One type of an improvised nuclear device [IND] attack could be conducted by terrorists with radiological materials using a radiological dispersal device (RDD), or so-called dirty bomb.[5][6][7] An RDD causes no nuclear explosion but instead uses chemical explosive to spread harmful radioactivity. Numbers represent a "dose reduction factor". E2.1.7. The Department has long recognized IEDs as a significant and enduring transnational threat and was instrumental in the implementation of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 19, Combating Terrorist Use of Explosives in the United States, and the development of Presidential Policy Directive 17, Countering Improvised Explosive Devices. Recovery: Communicating in the immediate aftermath of problems following the detonation an..., and are consistent in phrasing and improvised nuclear device ) detonation material or the. A nuclear-yield reaction https: // means youve safely connected to the blast ), radiation (. 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